Louis Xvi
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Louis Xvi
Article 355: The Common Causes between the Egyptian and the French Revolution
Hasan Yahya, Ph.Ds, Professor of sociology
Sociologists and political scientists have long arm in searching for causes of revolutions. In this article, we describe the causes of the French Revolution in contrast with the modern Egyptian Revolution. The areas we will cover the Political and Social Inequalities, Bankruptcy of the Government, Influence of the Media and Internet, in which all contributed in the Outbreak of revolution 1789 as well as the Egyptian revolution at Maidan al-Tahrir (The Freedom Square) on January 25th, 2011. The causes are organized numerically.
- Thirty years of Husni Mubarak Dynasty is similar to the Feudal system practiced in the 18th century.
- The nobles and business people enjoyed special privileges similar to nobles and clergy before the French revolution. Both where tax exempt.
- The common people did not have power and freedom in politics, the same situation in Egypt in the last thirty years. Common people worked hard with no appreciation of their efforts. The prices are escalating, unemployment is rising, and corruption is practiced by the system arms in the National Party, and its surrounding beneficiaries. The rich became richer, and the poor is getting poorer in both revolutions.
- The common people or the Middle class , the peasants, and artisan are far below the social class system in terms of wealth and freedom.
- The nobles as the National Party members can outvote the common people easily in both regimes.
- Both the French King and Husni Mubarak ruled as an absolute monarchy. And the common people became discontented with the privileged classes in the ruling party.
- Louis XIV had spent too much on his pleasures, as well as Husni Mubarak. His successors did not cut down expenses. Louis XVI also failed to improve the financial situation, similar to Husni Mubarak. Both dismissed ministers who tried to introduce financial reforms. By 1789, the government was bankrupt. In the Egyptian case, Failure of consequent governments, enhanced mistrust among the common people. And the 25th January was a result.
- The ideas and writings of Enlightenment thinkers like Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau became widespread. The French people were inspired to go against their king. The same in the Egyptian Revolution, Egyptians were inspired with noble writers and human rights activists in addition to what was accomplished in several countries, for example the recent success of the Tunisian uprising to overthrow Bin Ali rule encouraged the Egyptians to fight for their freedom and justice. In France, the success of the Americans to overthrow British rule encouraged the French to fight for their freedom.
- When Husni Mubarak promoted the National Party, several opposing parties were neglected and squeezed from the government and security forces, Emergency was the rule of the system, the constitution was made to satisfy the Egyptian Regime. People have seen the practice of the National Party in recent election, and were afraid that Husni Mubarak will not change any thing of the Youth requests and may revenge for his own dignity through the arms of beneficiaries in the National Party. Resigning faces in the Government and the National Party were not satisfying in Egypt. Forming a new government with almost half of the same old faces, was also not satisfying the uprising at the Freedom Square. People were in general afraid that that Husni Mubarak would suppress the Uprising and any National Assembly projected. In contrast, to French Revolution, when Louis XVI finally called the Estates General to solve financial difficulties, the Middle class, or the third estate did not agree with the unfair system of the Estates General. They formed the National Assembly to make a constitution. People were afraid that the king would suppress the National Assembly. They were also discontented that the king dismissed Necker, the popular Finance Minister. The hungry Parisians, who suffered from bad harvest, burst out their anger by attacking the Bastille prison (for political prisoners). The Fall of Bastille started the French Revolution. It spread out to other parts of France.
- In the Egyptian case, the uprising took charge of the Freedom Square, and led the common people cause for freedom and justice. The King Has gone under the hammers of protesters, and a new era begun called the French Revolution. The same is expected in the Egyptian case. Husni Mubarak will go, and a new political phase will secure the uprising legitimate requests for liberty, freedom and socio-political progress in all fields of life. (757 words) www.askdryahya.com
About the Author
Professor, Dr. Hasan A. Yahya is the honorary Dean of the Arab writers in North America, He's an Arab American writer, scholar, and professor of Sociology lives in the United States of America, originally from Palestine. He graduated from Michigan State University with 2 Ph.d degrees. He published 66 books plus (45 Arabic and 21 English), and 500 plus articles on sociology, religion, psychology, politics, poetry, and short stories. Philosophically, his writings concern logic, justice and human rights worldwide. Dr. Yahya is the author of Crescentologism: The Moon Theory, Islam Finds its Way. His recent publication is : Jesus Christ Speaks Arabic. www.dryahyatv.com
What did Louis XVI to be charged of treason?
(obviously), it's for history, as a part of the topic of French Revolution.
If it's possible, I also want to know how his brother, Charles X, contributed to the French Revolution as the same or similar time as King Louis XVI.
Although Louis XVI remained as king through the early stages of the Revolution, the newly formed National Constituent Assembly assumed more and more power, legislating to end feudalism and removing many of the privileges of the First (the Church) and Second (the aristocracy)Estates. This prompted a degree of civil turmoil, both in Paris and in rural France. While the Assembly strove to agree on a constitution, the distrust between the Estates grew, with the ordinary population more and more expecting some kind of military action on the part of the aristocratic faction. There were, indeed, a number of counter-revolutionary actions which were met by popular demonstrations and in-fighting between the various factions within the Assembly. Louis, opposed to the course the Revolution was taking, tried to flee Paris with his family in June 1791, but was captured and held under guard. The Assembly provisionally suspended the king, but the majority still favoured a constitutional monarchy over a republic. A new Legislative Assembly was formed to prepare a formal constitution, which was accepted by Louis and transformed France into a constitutional monarchy. Louis retained some powers, including the royal veto and the ability to appoint ministers. But the Assembly degenerated into chaos within a year, as Louis exercised his veto in ways that led to a constitutional crisis. In August 1792 the revolutionary Paris Commune imprisoned the royals and suspended the monarchy. In September it abolished the monarchy and declared a republic. Louis XVI was executed on 21 January 1793.
The French Revolution: From Louis XVI to Napoleon
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